Keeping with the theme of the Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Society’s 30 anniversary, the museum houses various Japanese related artifacts that help tell the story behind the twinning of the two cities.
One such item is this Meito China hand painted teapot owned originally by Mrs. Emma Asp. Made in Japan, the teapot with the Imari style of blue and white porcelain was intended for decorative purposes in which the design was introduced by the Koreans. Termed as ‘Way of Tea’, Japanese tea ceremonies are strict and ritualistic under the classical arts of refinement. The three common types of ceremonies, the informal ’chakai’, the formal ‘chaji’, and the less popular ‘senchado’, all vary in complexity. Typically powdered green tea called matcha is used, but in ‘senchado’ protocol requires leaf tea to replace the powdered consistencies.
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Origins of tea preparation in Japan reach back to the 9th century CE Buddhist monks. Under feudal rule, warriors perceived tea as a marker of status and held tasting contests to determine quality and type. Principles like harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility were considered the order of these gatherings in Sen no Rikyu’s book ‘Southern Record’ from the 1500s. It was his knowledge that founded the three main schools of tea preparation: Urasenke, Omotesenke, and Mushakojisenke Schools.
Visit the Museum to view more Japanese cultural heritage in our temporary exhibit, “Ashoro: Our Sister City.”
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 24, 2020
Alberta first became twinned with the Hokkaido prefecture in 1980. In July of 1986, the first adult delegation from Ashoro arrived in Alberta, and they were soon directed to the city of Wetaskiwin for a visit. After the initial tour and visit, the Ashoro Town Council and Wetaskiwin City Council agreed to continue the exchanges and have further talks of twinning the two communities. The official twinning ceremony and signing of the Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Affiliation Agreement was held on September 15, 1990. The agreement was signed by Wetaskiwin’s Mayor Dorothy French and Ashoro’s Mayor Akio Tomita at Parkdale Park. Since the twinning, there have been many exchanges between the two municipalities. In 1992, the inclusion of students in the exchanges provided the youth of Wetaskiwin and Ashoro to learn and experience the diverse culture of each respective nation. As well in 1992, the Coordinator of International Relations (CIR) position was created. This position provided the opportunity for a local of Wetaskiwin to teach English to children in Ashoro. Wetaskiwin has also dedicated the park where the friendship agreement was signed as The Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Park in 1999, emphasizing the importance and impact the relationship has had on our community. In honour of our twin city Ashoro, the Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Society will be celebrating the 30th Anniversary of Twinning our two communities, which will take place at Ashoro Park Saturday, Sept. 19 at 2 p.m. The museum has put together an exhibit on our main floor gallery space to honour the relationship by using treasures collected while members of this community experienced Japanese culture.
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, Septemer 16, 2020
With school back in session and the world continuing to spin wildly on its axis, we thought an atlas globe was a befitting Heritage Moment.
Named after the Titan who was forced to carry the heavens and the earth, the Atlas is considered one of the oldest known scientific instruments.
They were first used as navigational tools for nautical travelers reading celestial coordinates at sea, instead of the terrestrial models that came much later. The Ancient Greeks understood the round shadow of the horizon meant that the earth was a sphere. Furthermore, Ptolemy, by the 2nd Century AD had applied the scientific method of longitude and latitude for fixing a specific position on the globe. Around the same time, Crates of Malus, created the first known globe that was designed as a revolving sphere.
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All this knowledge was overshadowed by the Dark Ages in the 4th Century AD when society believed the world to be a flat disc, until Copernicus and Galileo presented their theories despite the threat of torture from the inquisition.
In the Germanic Museum in Nuremberg there resides the oldest known western terrestrial globe, which was made by Martin Behaim in 1492 that revealed a land gap on the earth’s surface. That gap would eventually be filled with the discovery of North America and Amerigo Vespucci’s realization that the blank portion was the Americas. Map and globe maker tradesman, Martin Waldseemueller, added the new continent to his globes in 1507. Those that owned globes like these were considered upper-class at this time including emperors, bishops, lords, or well-established merchants
It wasn’t until the 18th and 19thcentury that the pocket globe, like this 1940s globe pencil sharpener, was toted by the common man next to his fashionable pocket watch.
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 10, 2020
Unlocking the secrets behind history and protecting the collection is part of museum work. With the second break-in within a month at the Heritage Museum, we were inspired to write about locks. Mechanical locks made their debut in North Africa with the Egyptians and in the Middle East with the Babylonians around 1000 BC. The oldest known lock was discovered near Nineveh, Iraq in the ruins of Khorsabad dated to approximately 4000 years old. Many locks were made of wood, but the Egyptians introduced brass for the pin tumbler styles which remained the basic design until the middle ages. Some cultures fashionably wore their keys on their rings and necklaces to demonstrate that their wealth and status was worth protecting. English craftsmen take credit for the skeleton key and lock pick design that consisted of a keyhole, cylinder at the far end, and concentric plates or wards that would block the key from rotating unless key pattern matched the wards. Royally speaking, there is ceremony to locking up treasures and palaces in Britain. Every evening at 9:52, the Tower of London holds the ‘Ceremony of Keys’ where the guards utter words of the Tudors and escort the keys back to the Queen’s residence. In another ritualistic manner, the famous illusionist Harry Houdini was a locksmith in his early years and ‘picked’ up a few tricks as an escape artist bound in handcuffs and chains for many of his acts. There are many padlocks and keys hidden beneath the dirt on century farm properties in the Wetaskiwin area that have been unearthed and donated with an unknown story attached. Let’s hope that our own museum attracts fewer local ‘Houdini’s’ and unfortunate lock stories!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 3, 2020
History is the study of the past and how it relates to human beings. It is written, remembered, and shared by humans for humans. It is biased, nuanced, and dynamic. Historians, archaeologists, museum curators, political leaders, teachers and everyone else who uses it actively chooses what stories of the past to tell, and how to tell them. If they are good at what they do, they acknowledge that new things are constantly being uncovered, while old ones are being seen in a new light. They will use all of this to further the study of the past and how it relates to human beings today and our potential for the future.
Monuments are statues, buildings and other structures that are purposely built by humans for humans. They are political and symbolic. They are part of our visual culture, meant to recall something, or someone. They are remnants of heritage, the physical artifacts, intangible attributes, and stories of a group or society that are inherited from past generations and passed down to future generations. Often, but not always, they are used to commemorate an aspect of history. Monuments are not, however, history, but history can be studied through monuments.
This brings me to a monument tucked away in Wetaskiwin’s Jubilee Park. I first learned of it when someone suggested it be taken down because of its reference to “pacifying the Indians”. While I hated the image those specific words brought up in my mind, my knee jerk reaction was ‘You can’t destroy it. What good will that do? It’s a primary source from which we can learn’. And so, I set forth to learn more about it.
PHOTO COURTESY THE CITY OF WETASKIWIN ARCHIVES 98.37-36-98
I found the photo above in the City of Wetaskiwin Archives. Referred to as the Peacemakers Monument, it was erected by the Government of Canada in the summer of 1932 with a plaque that reads:
IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF THE PUBLIC SERVICES OF THE REVEREND FATHER LACOMBE, O.M.I., AND THE REVEREND JOHN MCDOUGALL. DURING THE TROUBLOUS DAYS OF 1885 THEIR INFLUENCE WITH THE INDIANS WAS A POWERFUL FACTOR IN THE PRESERVATION OF PEACE IN ALBERTA.
The wording is dated and the monument has no interpretation around it. Who were these “Indians” and why is this monument in Wetaskiwin? And so, I started down the rabbit hole.
I knew that Father Lacombe had a specific link to Wetaskiwin. It was he who suggested the settlement that had formed around Siding 16 along the Calgary-Edmonton CPR line be referred to as Wetaskwin after the Cree name for the area.
I needed to do more research on the Reverend McDougall, however. It did not take me long to learn that he had reopened a Methodist Missionary at Pigeon Lake in 1866 and that he had been close friends with Maskeptoon, a Great Chief of the Cree People, and ancestor of the Maskwacis Cree.
Rev. J.McDougal ()
None of this really explained to me why there was a monument to them in Wetaskwin that referred to the 1885 Northwest Resistance. And so, I dug a little deeper. Lacombe and McDougall’s assistance was requested at the onset of the resistance. Lacombe went to visit the Battle River Cree, while McDougall accompanied the commander of the Alberta Field Force. This journey included Forts Normandeu (near Red Deer), Ostel (near Ponoka) and Ethier (near Wetaskiwin). All three of which were built during the resistance but did not see any action.
Fort NormandeauFort Ostell
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Lacombe and McDougall’s task does not appear to have been too onerous. The Indigenous leaders were committed to upholding Treaties 6 and 7, which they had signed less than a decade before. After the North-West Resistance, Prime Minister MacDonald invited a few of Father Lacombe’s ‘loyal’ Chiefs and their companions to visit Ontario and Quebec.
McDougall and three other Chiefs were part of a separate journey.
McDougall had repeatedly protested the Indian Act and the newly instituted pass system to restrict First Nations travel off the reserve. It seems that to punish him for this, the federal government refused to fund his contingent. McDougall and the Methodist (now United) church raised the money for them to go.
The names of the Plains People who travelled east were: Crowfoot, Three Bulls, Red Crow, One Spot, North Axe, Big Child, Starblanket, O’Soup, and Kahkewistahaw (who all travelled with Lacombe), as well as Chiefs Jonas Goodstoney, Pakan, and Samson (who travelled with McDougall).
L-R: Reverend John McDougall; Samson, Cree chief; Pakan or James Seenum, Cree; Reverend R. B. Steinhauer; Jonas Goodstoney, Stoney. 1886
Their selection to travel to Canada, remember this happened 20 years before Alberta and Saskatchewan become provinces, is a pretty good indicator that they are the leaders of the “Indians” referred to in the Peacemaker’s Monument. The photo of the monument dedication forty-seven years later shows that the descendants of Maskeptoon and Chief Samson were present, suggesting their own pride in the active role their ancestors played in the preservation of peace in Alberta.
The Peacemakers monument in Jubilee Park needs some interpretation alongside it. It needs to incorporate a more complete picture of the history it symbolizes. Destroying it is too easy. If we destroy it, however, we are not destroying our history, but we are destroying a symbol of that history and a way to learn about and from it.
If you truly want to preserve history, forget about the statues that are being torn down. Go DO some history and uncover something you did not know. Start some new conversations about old things.
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 3, 2020
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The word nicotine comes from Nicotiana, the botanical name for the tobacco plant, named for Jean Nicot (c.1530-1600). He was the French ambassador to Portugal, who introduced tobacco to France by sending tobacco sees as a gift to the French court in 1560. Tobacco has been a controversial subject even back in the 1600s. In 1604 King James I of England wrote a testament against the use of tobacco because they found that “smokers inwards parts were infected with an oily kind of soot” and “if he ever had the devil to dinner, he’d offer him a pipe.” The Czar Alexis of Russia in 1634 created penalties for smoking: the first offense is whipping, a slit nose, and transportation to Siberia. The second offense is execution. In the 1800s, Canada begins to plant and commercially grow tobacco in Southern Ontario. In 1871 the census recorded 1.2 million pounds of tobacco grown in Quebec, Canada. Canada then banned sales of cigarettes to those under the age of 16 years of age in 1908. Eighty years later, Canada passes legislation to restrict smoking federally regulated workplaces and prohibit tobacco advertising. The legislation also requires manufacturers to put health warnings on all cigarette packs.
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, August 23, 2020
In the early 1900s, buffalo roamed and lived in Alberta/Northwest Territories, and there were roughly 500 wood bison. Since the population was flourishing, to the point of being over-hunting, the Canadian government put in a protective measure, which was an appointment of a special enforcement team of Buffalo Rangers. Later the government established Wood Buffalo National Park in 1922. This new park ultimately was the downfall for the buffalo as they outgrew their habitat by the next year, forcing the federal officials to cull the heard of 2000 plus older males over the next two years. The slaughter of the buffalo did not go over well with the public. Their idea was to transfer most of the population to the west side of Slave River. The buffalo did not last long due to a mixture of genetic defects from inbreeding and bovine tuberculosis that the bison had contracted from cattle. The population soon dropped from 11,000 to 6,000 in nearly two decades.
Dissociation “results in loss of objects, or object-related data, or the ability to retrieved or associate objects and data.” Dissociation can occur because of significant geographical changes to improper labelling. Even situations like people leaving their treasures at the door of the museum. To sum it up, dissociation is when we do not know what is going on with our collections; we have lost objects or their information and cannot connect any of it anymore.
Dissociation is not just physical; it also relates to the legal, intellectual, and cultural aspects of an object. The leading cause occurs from the removal of tags or improper labelling results in a loss of the accession number, which then takes away an object’s connection to our records in the museum. With the loss of context, the object is virtually lost. Its story is no longer known, and it becomes an ordinary object. A little of our history is lost.
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Our collection has this issue. We have a list of all the artifacts that are lost, as well we have artifacts in our database that have no history due to a lack of information recorded while taking in the donation. There has also been the occasional door drop off where the items got accessioned into our collection. Just last week, we found a Tier 1 artifact that has been hanging in our Children Playroom in the basement. The example given is a less severe case, but it does show how dissociation can ruin a collection and diminish the importance of an object by losing its history.
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, August 5, 2020
Through the collection’s looking glass we find this set of binoculars once owned by Robert Spencer of Millet in the 1930s. Hans Lippershey of Holland is credited with inventing the lens in the 16th century and was even asked to create binoculars which he fashioned out of a box. However, it wasn’t until 1825 that the first complete and marketable binocular telescope was created by J.P. Lemiere. Their original function was for non-terrestrial or astronomical viewing and it wasn’t until the mid-1800s that they were commonly used for scouting on land in military applications. When the magnification gets higher than 12X hands are often too shaky for optimal observation, which is why most telescopes are stationary. There are two main designs: the Porro-Prism that uses a pair of right-angle prisms to rotate the image; and the Roof Prism that contains a straight and compact Abbe-Prism to correct the image. Keep both eyes on the prize in the skies this month with a set of binoculars to see the Comet NEOWISE, it will be visible in the Northern Hemisphere just after sunset. You will be able to spot it if you look Northwest right under the big dipper.
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, July 29, 2020
What do we collect? Junk from peoples overflowing garages, old stuff that belonged to my great grandparents, garbage from the past, old things, piano organs, military regalia, the haunted painting from Ghost Busters 2, the Ark of the Covenant. With our mandate, we can only accept items that have a significance to Wetaskiwin and District of Wetaskiwin. Meaning if a Wetaskiwin artist made the haunted painting from Ghost Busters 2, it would be an item that the museum would take in for accessioning.
How does the accession process work? When an item is donated to the museum, we fill out a Donation Offer. A Donation Offer is a legally binding document that temporarily passes the possession of the item or items from the donor to the museum. That means that the museum owns the item until it is processed and accessed by our accession committee. The accession committee will go through multiple items that have been donated to the museum and go through our current collection of artifacts and decide whether or not to take in the donation to make it a permanent part of our collection. If the item does not get accepted into our collection and the donor wants the item back, we contact them to pick up their donation. If the donor does not want the item back, we post the item on an offer out list to other museums and institutions that may want the item and transfer the item to them. If it gets accepted, we will contact the donor to come in to fill out a Gift Agreement. A Gift Agreement is a legally binding document that permanently transfers the ownership of the item or items to the museum. We then enter the information into our database and give the items an accession number and permanent location in our storage area.
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Currently, there is a backup of donations to the museum, some dating back to 2013, which is slowly being processed. It has gotten to the point where our playrooms filled with donations. Keeping this in mind, if there are any items that you know fit our mandate and have a significant story, please come by, and see us. Although it may take some time to process the donation, we enjoy the community’s enthusiasm for its history and heritage.
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, July 22, 2020
