What does culture mean to you? Culture is found all over the place, from customs, to cuisine, to art and music, and more. Culture is what makes our community rich and diverse. The artifacts pictured here were made in the likeness of a cultural property known as peace pipes. Peace pipes are used by a number of Indigenous groups in sacred ceremonies, such as prayers or to seal treaties. These peace pipes were given out to visiting dignitaries by the Wetaskiwin Chamber of Commerce in the 1990s. Although there may have been good intentions, the pipes were culturally appropriated into welcome gifts. The act of cultural appropriation is often considered to be tasteless or offensive for the misrepresentation or misuse of items and concepts. Cultural appropriation at its simplest form is the adoption of cultural elements from a culture that is not one’s own. However, a deeper understanding of cultural appropriation considers a power dynamic between a dominant cultural group and a marginalized people who have been systematically oppressed. It’s possible to appreciate a culture without appropriating it. The sharing of ideas, materials, and customs is what makes life a little bit more interesting but do so with awareness and respect! These pipes are no longer circulated by the Chamber but make for excellent teaching tools here at the Heritage Museum! Swing by the museum to learn more about cultural appropriation and how to avoid it to strengthen our cultural connections!
Do you enjoy your weekly Heritage Moment? The Heritage Museum is facing financial difficulties that could jeopardize our current programming. We welcome cash donations of any size and can provide a tax receipt for any of $20 or more. Please visit us at 5007 -50th Avenue in downtown Wetaskiwin, or visit our website at http://wetaskiwinmuseum.com/donate/ to make a donation on line!
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, October 31, 2019
Second Cenotaph Monument in Jubilee Park, c.1963.
Photo courtesy of the City of Wetaskiwin Archives no. 18108.
This question has been at the centre of many of my recent conversations. It began with a gathering at Jubilee Park. What caught my attention was a banner hung across Wetaskiwin’s Cenotaph. While I did not think any disrespect was intended, I did question its appropriateness. Richard Godin, a veteran and colleague of mine, disagreed, stating:
“All members of our Canadian Armed Forces, serving and retired, wore their uniform and served their country to ensure that all Canadians had the right to exercise their right to free speech and the right to gather to promote their views regardless of race, creed, gender, or political affiliation. The fact that these persons used the Cenotaph to express those views should not be construed as an insult or injury to all our veterans, but should be viewed as a positive affirmation of the service that all veterans gave that enabled all persons to assemble without fear of retribution or reprisal…. At the end of the day, I for one am glad that they used that area for their event because it justifies its existence and the service of all veterans, those who have passed, the living, and the future members.”
I also had the opportunity to talk to a member of the group who used the cenotaph and asked why they chose to do so as they did. Their reasoning included accessibility and the simple fact that they have been doing so for the past nine years. More importantly though, they felt the fact that it was already a memorial area fit well with their message of mental illness and that they were able to build upon what was already there. They also assured me no damage was done to the memorial, and they left the area cleaner than when they arrived.
While, I agree with both ideologies, for me there is a difference between an activity AT the cenotaph and ON the cenotaph. This stems from the symbolic importance I give to built heritage and the historical meaning and purpose of this type of memorial.
The word cenotaph comes from the Greek (kenotaphion), which literally means empty tomb. From as early as the 8th Century BCE, Ancient Greek cenotaphs existed in the homeland of a person whose body was either lost or buried elsewhere. Similar practices are seen in multiple cultures throughout history. The best-known modern cenotaph was built in London in 1919. It is dedicated to ‘The Glorious Dead’. No names were inscribed on it so as to allow individuals to assign their own meaning to the memorial.
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In Canada, the decision of the Imperial War Graves Commission in 1918 not to repatriate any of the bodies of the men who died on the front brought cenotaphs to the forefront of our memorial practices as well. They acted as a tomb in the home communities of soldiers whose bodies remained in Europe, providing for a place of contemplation, reflection, and remembrance of those who paid the ultimate price and for those they left behind.
Wetaskiwin’s first cenotaph was built in 1932. This memorial was replaced by the Royal Canadian Legion Branch no. 86 in conjunction with the City of Wetaskiwin. Unveiled on September 14, 1955, it was dedicated to those who made the supreme sacrifice in both World Wars and Korea. It was designed by Bob Angus and consists of two stone cairns, representing the two World Wars. The design may also pay homage to an ancient Greek practice. Prior to leaving for battle, soldiers would place a stone in a pile and then retrieve that stone when they returned; the stones remaining symbolized those who did not come back.
For me, cenotaphs (such as the one in Jubilee Park) and war monuments (including the Wetaskiwin Field of Hounour Cairn in the new cemetery) are two different things. While both are memorials, the first is the tomb of those who never came home, the second honours all those who served. And so, what I saw in that gathering at Jubilee Park was two empty tombs being used as banner poles.
After all my conversations, I am struggling now with what the purpose of a war memorial is. To my knowledge, there are eight in our community of Wetaskiwin City, County, and Maskwacis. The two mentioned above, a cairn and cross at Ma-Me-O beach, cenotaphs dedicated to fallen soldiers at Mulhurst Bay, Millet, Thorsby, and Winfield, and the most recent at Maskwacis, a monument to all who served. Do all these memorials have to mean the same thing that they meant when first erected, or for each person? Can, or should, their meaning change so that they have a greater significance for current and future generations?
What do you think?
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, October 24, 2019
Inscriptions: THE ROYAL CANADIAN LEGION BRANCH 252 / IN MEMORY OF FALLEN COMRADES / 1914-1918 / 1939-1945 / WE WILL REMEMBER THEM
Stucco Cairn at Mulhurst Bay
Inscriptions: LEST WE FORGET OUR BRAVE COMRADES WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR THEIR COUNTRY / BOER WAR / WWI / WWII / KOREA
Fieldstone Cairn at Millet.
Inscriptions: IN MEMORY OF THE MEN OF MILLET AND DISTRICT WHO MADE THE SUPREME SACRIFICE IN THE WORLD WARS / 1914-1918 1939-1945 / THEIR NAMES LIVETH FOR EVER MORE / KOREA 1950-1953
Concrete Obelisk at Thorsby.
Inscriptions: OUR BRAVE COMRADES WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR THEIR KING AND COUNTRY / BOER WAR / 1914-1918 / 1939-1945 / KOREA / THEY WILL NOT GROW OLD AS WE THAT ARE LEFT GROW OLDA Heritage Moment Two Stone Stele and Three Wooden Crosses at Winfield.
Inscriptions: IN MEMORY OF OUR FALLEN COMRADES / 1914-1918 / 1939-1945 / WINFIELD BRANCH 236 / WE SHALL REMEMBER THEM
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Cairn in Field of Honour Cemetery at Wetaskiwin.
Inscriptions: IN MEMORY OF THOSE THAT SERVED
Two Field Stone Cairns in Diamond Jubilee Park at Wetaskiwin.
Inscriptions. 1914-1918 / 1939-1945 / LEST WE FORGET / KOREAN WAR 1950-1953
Marble Monument at Maskwacis
Inscriptions: MASKWACIS VETERANS MEMORIAL / LEST WE FORGET / A DESIRE TO HONOUR OUR VETERANS IS NOW REALITY THROUGH PERSERVERANCE AND OPPORTUNITY.
The two sides list all veterans from the Maskwacis Cree Four Nations who served alongside their Nation and Conflict served.
For a complete list please visit www.wetaskiwin museum.ca.
NB. These are memorials on record at the Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum. If you have information on one we are missing, or would like to provide information on those pictured here, please email us at wdhm@persona.ca
Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, October 24, 2019
This year’s NHL season commenced early this month and hockey fanatics across Canada are delighted. It’s hard to contest that the frosty sport isn’t one of the nation’s favorites, and many take to the ice to lace up themselves come the colder months. But ice skates have changed drastically since its original design! These detachable ice skate blades, complete with leather cloth loops on the front and rear, are much more akin to early skates. Ice skating began approximately 4000 year ago in Southern Finland. During the chilliest times of the winter season, people would strap strips of wood or even bone to the bottoms of their boots. It made for more efficient long-distance travel across ice or packed-down snow. Traditional blades were eventually discarded in favor of sharpened steel or iron, which made gliding possible. Improved mobility later led to the creation of races, made very popular in the early nineteenth century, and Canada’s national winter sport of hockey. Who are you rooting for this season? Swing by the Heritage Museum to learn more about local hockey teams or check out the Star Store’s new Air Pucks: an indoor puck that hovers over smooth surfaces!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, October 16, 2019
The month of October heralds Halloween and all sorts of spooky surprises! From howling werewolves to ghostly appearances, you never know what sorts of hair-raising sensations await. Luckily, this artifact doesn’t need the help of a witch and her bubbling cauldron to be magical! Known as a magic lantern, this early type of image projector first developed in the 17th century largely for entertainment, but later for educational purposes. It employs pictures, either printed, painted, or generated photographically, as well as glass lenses and a light source to transmit an image. A concave mirror directs light through a “lantern slide”—a small rectangular pane of glass—and toward a lens at the front of the device. The image is then projected onto a screen and the lens is adjusted to achieve optimal focus. This process would lay the foundation for modern projectors. Smaller versions of the magic lantern were mass-produced as children’s toys beginning in the 19th century. This particular lantern belonged to its donor as a child in the 1920s! In the spirit of Halloween, the museum invites you to hop on over and check out our new enchanting Harry Potter-inspired candy: Chocolate Frogs!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, Octoer 9, 2019
Violins are among some of the most difficult instruments to play. It requires precision and passion to become a violinist, accompanied of course by years of dedicated practice. Violins appeared quite suddenly in the 16th century, and customarily went along with singers and dancers. A similar instrument, the fiddle, is commonly mistaken for the violin. This often happens because they are both 4 stringed instruments made out of comparable materials (wood) and can be played with a bow or by plucking. The particular violin featured in this photo resides in the Heritage Museum’s artifact vault and has 7 separate parts. Included is the violin with 2 bows, rosin, a wooden case, and 2 chin pieces. The interior of the violin is labeled “Antonius Stradivarius Cremonensis Faciebat Anno 1716,” indicating a type of violin typically used for students to practice on. The Stradivarius is a famous and well-known variety of violin. It is still one of the world’s most revered brands to this day! It was named after the Italian family who manufactured it, particularly Antonio Stradivari. Please come by the Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum to learn more about local music and art history!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 26, 2019
Are you an avid movie watcher? Many of us enjoy seeing the latest Hollywood movie in theaters, popcorn and candy in hand, or watching film favorites from the comfort of our couches. The film industry and its technology has come a long way to bring us the best in cinematic experience, but this movie projector reminds us of the roots of filming motion pictures. Found on the second floor of the Heritage Museum, this six-foot-tall behemoth of a projector was supplied by the National Theatre Supply Company in the early 20th century. The projector has several parts, including a projector arc lamp, automatic control motor, lens and storage fixtures, and base. Although the first proto-projector, the Zoopraxiscope, was created in 1879, the first successful movie projector was invented by the Lumière brothers and came to be in 1894 after they made their first film. The 21st century saw the emergence of the digital cinema projector. It played movies stored on a computer and began to replace film projectors as they started to offer distinct advantages over traditional units. This projector is speculated to have belonged to Stan Reynolds! If you’re a self-proclaimed film geek or just an admirer of movies and cinema, feel free to stop by the museum to check it out!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 19, 2019
Are you someone who enjoys creating art? There are multiple forms of art, ranging from literature to performing arts to visual arts, that allow for the expression of theories and human creativity. Melvin Benson, an Ojibwe artist who taught at Samson Alternate School, found inspiration in an art style spearheaded by Norval Morrisseau, an Anishinaabe artist said to be one of the grandfathers of contemporary Indigenous art in Canada. A member of what was known at the time as the “Indian Group of Seven,” now the Professional Native Indian Artists Incorporation (PNIAI), Morrisseau is best known for narrative works featuring figures or animals, often painted in bright, vibrant colors with thick black outlines. Benson admired Morrisseau’s work and decided to make a copy where it would be hung at the school. Eventually it would be given to Lorraine Arnold, a fellow teacher, and she had it on display in the Heritage Museum for approximately 20 years. In 2015, Ms. Arnold would hang the piece in her office until she chose to return it to the museum for preservation purposes. Although this painting is a copy, the Heritage Museum is getting original pieces of Morrisseau’s work, and others from PNIAI, as a part of out upcoming Connect 4 Exhibit on Sept. 7 through Nov. 2! Feel free to stop by the museum to celebrate Indigenous art and history!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 4, 2019
Beading has a long history in Indigenous culture, and some of the first “beads” were originally made from natural materials like shell, bone, pearl and stone. Many First Nations used beads for a variety of reasons: some were used as a currency, some recorded a story, and others were simply for decoration. Regardless of the purpose, beading is a very intricate art. It can be done using a loom, putting beads onto a string, or simply sewing patterns directly onto the material, with flower patterns and abstract designs being popular choices for some. Distinct styles of beading are passed down and continued through generations. This vest is made of deerskin with beaded flowers sewn on both the front and back. The beadwork adds an intricate, colorful accent to the tan deerskin! This vest is one of the many pieces of beadwork that we have on display at the museum. Check out the main floor of the Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum to see all the magnificent beading we have on display and learn more about local Indigenous history!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, August 8, 2019
With school just around the corner, students should appreciate the size and mobility of their devices. Many students today are fortunate enough to have a laptop, weighing about 5 pounds on average, making it easy to transport between various locations such as school, work and home. Scholars and professionals in the early and mid-1900s didn’t have this convenience. They had to use typewriters which were bulky and extremely heavy— ones that weighed up to 45 pounds! The typewriter pictured here was manufactured by Oliver Typewriters, a company established in 1895. Oliver Typewriters was the first to introduce the “visible” typewriter, meaning that users could read what they were typing as they typed it rather than flipping up the platen. This particular model is the No. 5, made circa 1913, and is noticeably different in shape and design from previous models. This model was also the first to offer a new typeface, Printype. It mimicked actual book print! The last No. 5 Oliver typewriter was produced in 1915. Come visit the Wetaskiwin and District Heritage Museum to check out the various typewriters we have in our exhibits!
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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, August 21, 2019
