Category: A Heritage Moment

In honour of the 59^th American Presidential inauguration, we would like to drop a line or two on civic related collections –— starting with the renowned campaign button.

The first political buttons originated in the United States in 1789 and were intended to commemorate the inauguration of President George Washington. Both the President and his followers wore the limited edition buttons that read “G.W. – Long Live the President.” They were composed of 40 different varieties of pewter, brass, and copper, which resembled medal broches. Common political memorabilia served as propaganda in the form of ribbons, medal, and china.

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It wasn’t until Abraham Lincoln’s 1860 election that images started to appear on the button with the creation of photographic daguerreotypes and tintypes. Further development was made in 1868 with the invention of celluloid. By 1896 the modern day metal pin-back button was mass produced during the presidential campaigns of William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan.

Social justice buttons began to appear around WWI that were worn at marches, protests and activist demonstrations like temperance, women’s suffrage, and war fundraising. Although mottos and rallying cries existed long before Napoleon Bonaparte’s “Vive L’Emperor” (Long Live the Emperor), pithy slogans for political gains appeared on buttons in the 1920s. President Coolidge’s re-election campaign buttons had several catchphrases including “Deeds, not words” and “Keep Cool-idge.” Their popularity was supplanted by the digital age becoming more of a kitschy novelty than political statement. However, their revival in the last decade has made them a relevant form of self-expression and a method of championing global network movements.

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, January 27, 2021

Need to clear your head of holiday spice and everything nice? Ginger is an ancient Chinese remedy that has long had the reputation of cleansing the mind, body, and spirit.

Indigenous to southern China, the plant Zingiber officinale has leafy stems that grow a metre high with yellow, green, and purple flowers. The plant’s rhizomes (rootstocks) are harvested by lifting from the soil, cleansing, and drying. Ginger propagation no longer goes to seed due to its protracted horticulture through history; instead contemporary farming simply takes rootstalk cuttings for planting.

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India is currently the highest producer and exporter of ginger and is referenced in Sushruta Samhita, a surgical Sanskrit treatise from the 6^th century BCE. It eventually spread to Europe by the 11^th century and was already being applied as a digestant, carminative, expectorant, and aphrodisiac in Asia for dyspepsia, bowel colic, colds, and bronchitis. Cooking the fresh green rhizome is common in many dishes including curry and the peeled portion is boiled in syrup for preservation. Slices are consumed in Japan to cleanse the palate and its extracts are a main ingredient in many condiments, baked confections, candies, beverages, cosmetics, and perfumes.

The Malkin’s brand on the ginger tin from our collection was a Vancouver grocery company that imported products from England at the turn of the 20^th century. In the top floor of one warehouse they processed and packaged some coffees, teas, tinned goods, and spices. The family founded merchant company spread across Western Canada and its successful members became prominent in civic and professional organizations in British Columbia. Notoriously the company was accused of selling an alcohol substitute during prohibition called ‘Malkins Best’ that temporarily ‘ginger snapped’ much of their public trust!

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, January 13, 2021.

Did you know that in the early days of our community we unsuccessfully ventured into finding a good supply of natural gas?

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This photo is of the inside of a Mutual Oil and Gas Development Co. oil well somewhere in the County dating to 1922, but in 1904, two years before Wetaskiwin was incorporated as a City, the town granted a franchise to a company to begin drilling. Four years later, in 1908 council of the young City of Wetaskiwin passed a by-law to raise $18,000 to begin the search in earnest, and in 1912 invested another $95,000 to further the search. Wells were dug beside the power house (now home to the Manluk Theatre), near the fairgrounds (near the Civic Arenas & Manluk Pool), as well as near the Water Tower. Some gas was used from the well near the power house, but nothing of any importance was ever found and the search was eventually abandoned.

We recently received a donation in from Deborah Kirstein which included a ton of items from the 1930s to the 1970s.

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One of the items she included was a picture and magazine article about their grandfather Gus Elgert who was a farmer that owned land one and a half miles east of Wetaskiwin. His field was a model from the standpoint of evenness, purity or variety, growth and ripening, and freedom from weeds. His crops were so good that he won the Alberta Department of Agriculture trophy for the best field of wheat entered in any field crop competition in Alberta. Elgert moved to Alberta in 1911 and started farming shortly after his arrival which his farm now accumulates to 700 acres. In the same year Elgert won the trophy he also won first prize for the best field of oats. We have the trophy in our collection prior to this donation and we now have a rich story to go along with his award-winning fields.

In August 1921, Fritz Kirstein opened the City Meat Market between 49 St. and 49 Ave. in Wetaskiwin. They sold everything from homemade wieners and fish, to cheese cut from wide rounds. Saw dust was used in the back for cleanliness and blocks of ice preserved the freshness of the meat until the sanitary coolers were installed in the mid-1920s. Tuesdays were consistently flooded with orders where up to 12 hogs and nine cows were slaughtered for market.

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The shop was a family affair with two of Fritz’s sons, Fred and Bob, working in the store for over twenty years until Fritz’s retirement in 1959. Reputation of the shop spread beyond Wetaskiwin; they became famous for their smoked turkey secret formula, which was dubbed the first of its kind in Western Canada. Fritz often catered at large local events like the Elk’s Carnivals, adding corned beef cabbage and potato pancakes to the menu.

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, December 23, 2020

Metal corrosion can be active or inactive. Some objects may be corroded but stable, and therefore inactive; others may be actively corroding. Very few shiny metal surfaces will remain that way, corrosion will occur naturally as a way for the metal to get back into its organic form. Inactive corrosion occurs as a stable oxide layer, tarnish, or colour change that slowly forms on metal object and protects the underlying surface. This is also called a patina. They are desirable in some instances where is can provide protection and is used for aesthetic purposes. An example of this would be the Statue of Liberty, which is a copper statue that has a patina of green. Active corrosion causes a continuing loss of material from the object. Actions can be taken to help slow down the process and prevent further damages. Corrosion usually occurs due to environmental conditions, such as RH or pollutants. Depending on the type of metal of the object will determine how active corrosion appears. Iron usually appears with red, yellow, or orange dust, and if you closely examine the object you might even see what is called sweating or weeping, which is droplets on the metal surface. Sweating or weeping occurs where the RH of the environment is high (roughly around 55 per cent and higher).

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, December 16, 2020

In the late 1930s Wetaskiwin and area women could purchase a pair of lisle (cotton) stockings in our building (what was then the Star Store) for only 28 cents a pair.

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Silk stocking were more popular, but had become harder to get after 1937 when the US made a nationwide boycott of all Japanese products, including silk used for stockings. The first “nylon” was patented the same year and introduced to the world at the New York Worlds fair in 1939. But the outbreak of war with Japan only led their sale to be limited and to be rationed during the war years. Nylon as it turned out had other interesting qualities. It could be used for parachutes and even components of bombs!

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, December 9, 2020

What is Dissociation? It is loss of objects, or object-related data, or the ability to retrieve or associate objects and data. This can happen in three different ways: rare and catastrophic single events resulting in extensive loss of data, objects, or object values; Sporadic and severe events occurring every few years or decades resulting in loss of data, objects, or object values; and continual events or processes resulting in loss of data, objects, or object values. Dissociation affects the legal, intellectual, and/or cultural aspects of an object. Our museum also suffers from dissociation, so much so that we have a list of missing artifacts. By issuing them as missing artifacts they are in the database but cannot be physically located at this time. That can be due to the object being mislabeled, not labeled at all, moved and not have had the location updated, thrown out without any knowledge, or relabeled under a different number. We even have the opposite effect where we find an artifact with a number on it and it is not on our digital database. Then we must search through our records and try to locate what the artifact could be. This has happened with our stone tool collection where there is an unfinished axe head with the number 2006.29.1948 written on the surface. When trying to look up this number in our database there is no existence of this record, which falls into dissociation.

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, December 2, 2020

What is relative humidity (RH)? It is the quality of the air that ranges between damp and dry. We don’t perceive RH itself, we relate to RH through the dampness or dryness of our bodies in reaction to ambient RH, or we observe the effect on objects such as paper or cloth, which become damp or dry in response to the RH. RH is measured in percentage; 100% humidity is damp and 0% is dry. The different materials in the museum, organic and inorganic, react differently with different RH percentages. Organic materials contain some levels of moisture (eg. wood, paper, paint) and there is moisture on the surface of inorganic materials (eg. metals and stone). It is important to keep in mind that RH and temperature have a distinct relationship: when warmed air is cooled, the RH climbs. This leads to problems of damp when warm humid air finds cool spots in a building. The converse is that when cold air is heated, the RH falls. This leads to low indoor RH in winter, and drives the need for humidifiers. The worst issue dealing with RH is rapid fluctuations in RH percentages. This usually causes the object to expand and contract repeatedly during a short period of time, resulting in serious damage to the object. An example in the museum’s collection of incorrect RH causing severe damage is a Railway Jack. The handle is split down the middle and the metal bottom is all covered in rust. The splitting of the handle is caused by the fluctuations in RH, making the split larger over time if the RH is not controlled. The rust is due to a higher RH percentage over a long period of time, especially because the metal is not coated for protection and is heavily pitted making it easier for the breakdown of the metal.

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, Novemer 25, 2020

Remembering those who have experienced the traumas of war and those that will never return, we continue this week’s Heritage Moment discussing gas masks. Prior to the Battle of Ypres, 18,000 gas shells filled with xylyl bromide targeted Russian lines over Bolimow in January of 1915. This early form of tear gas was a failure largely due to the cold front cast in the wake of the shells being released.  However, by April that year, the British media lambasted the Germans for their chlorine gas devices that covered the fields in ghostly greens clouds at the second Battle of Ypres. These weapons were termed as ‘cold-blooded’ and ‘uncivilized’, yet it did not prevent the British from attacking the Germans with gas at the Battle of Loos four months later. Salvation Army workers recall soldiers having sneezing attacks, blindness, blisters, gradual asphyxiation and in many cases, they would choke to death.  The fabric smoke helmet was made to reduce these side effects, which was introduced by Canadian, Cluny Macpherson. He designed a single exhaling tube that came with chemical sorbents as defense against airborne chlorine. Both the Allies and the Germans later added air filter drums that contained neutralizing gas chemicals to the respirators called the Small Box Respirator or SBR (like the one shown here), making it the most prominently carried mask. Sadly, mustard gas became the most widely deployed, rendering the gas masks virtually useless when the wool uniforms became soaked in the toxin causing blisters externally and internally. Gongs were the signature signal for gas alerts where troops were often crippled by the horror of the impending elusive ‘phantom threat.’ At the end of WWI over 90,000 soldiers from all sides were reportedly killed by gas and over 185,000 British and Service personnel were classed as gas casualties. Even though the machine gun and the flamethrower were statistically more lethal on the battlefield, chemical weapons were outlawed by the Geneva Protocol in 1925.

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, November 11, 2020