Category: A Heritage Moment

Every November we stop to reflect on the unimaginable sacrifices that our armed forces have suffered and continue to endure serving our country. Something as simple as breathing clean air was a challenge and at times not within reach for those in the theatre of war operations. In the early 1800s, firefighting, diving, mining, and medical masks were invented but rudimentary in nature, barely sealing tight enough around an elaborate mustache. The most convenient method to prevent inhalation was to hold a wet handkerchief to your face or soak it in anti-gas chemicals including sodium hyposulphite, washing soda or glycerin. Augustus Siebe developed a diving helmet that introduced the concept of an air entry tube and used air exit filter. This design would later be combined with other pending patents that applied charcoal filters to create respirators for gas masks in warfare. By 1914, Garett Morgan had devised a safety hood and smoke protector, which made national news when it saved the lives of 32 men trapped beneath Lake Erie in a tunnel following an explosion. The carbon monoxide respirator was built by the British in 1915 before the use of chemical weapons when it was discovered that unexploded enemy shells released enough toxins to kill soldiers in the trenches, foxholes, or close proximity environments. Despite all these mask inventions, The Battle of Ypres during WWI left soldiers unprotected and many would succumb to the chlorine gas released by German forces. Local WWI & WWII veteran, James Braglin, used this mask in WWII when he served as an instructor at the Wetaskiwin training base. Please tune in next week to get more history behind the mask.

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, November 4, 2020

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Would you like to face a 102-mph slap shot with no mask? I know I would not want too. The first mask was worn by Elizabeth Graham when goaltending for Queen’s University in 1927 and wanted to guard her teeth, so she donned a fencing mask. Next, in 1930, Montreal Maroons’ goaltender Clint Benedict played a few games in an all-leather mask. The first full face mask appeared at the 1936 Winter Olympics by team Japan’s goaltender Teiji Honma. It was not until 42 years later in 1959 that an NHL goalie wore a mask on-ice. In a game between New York Rangers and the Montreal Canadiens, the Canadiens goalie Jacques Plante took a puck to the face and was cut open, after getting stitched up Plante returned to the bench and told the coach that he was ready to go back in, but not without using his face mask that he developed and used in practice. Plante went back in goal and the Canadiens went on to win the game 3-1. Plante then wore the mask every game since and even ended up having an 18-game winning streak. This started a trend for hockey goalies and added another layer of protection. The iconic goalie mask now is synonymous with the horror movie Friday the 13^th, the museum is having activities on Halloween Saturday, Oct. 31, from 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Everyone have a fun and spooky Halloween.

It is now that month when we enjoy disguising ourselves and anticipate the screams of onlookers or chilling reactions from passersby.

These party horn blowers that were popular in the 1950s helped to announce the Halloween occasion to the detriment of many a parent’s ear. This particular set was used by the Lahls in John Knox School to pester their undeserving teacher, which we imagine ended with them being confiscated to the teacher’s desk!

Noisemakers, such as rattlers, whistles, horns, clappers or rachets have been used for over 10,000 years for musical, religious, ceremonial or war purposes.

During the Han Dynasty in China, the Tatar Reed Whistle was used to alert civilians and soldiers when the ‘barbarians’ were sited. In Judaism, the gragger or grogger is applied to symbolically drown out the name of Haman, the persecutor of the Jews, over the holiday of Purim.

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Clackers or cog rattlers were distress signals for officers in the Victorian era that needed to alert others for help or sound the alarm in the case of a fire or gas leak.

Halloween noisemakers had their origins in the Celt celebration of Samhain, that prepared for the return of the dead on earth by means of bonfires, masquerades, and clamoring visitations. The goal of the noisemaker was to prevent the entry of evil spirits, but also to announce the presence of ‘soulers’ asking for gifts in exchange for prayers.

If you are looking for an alternative to Trick or Treating or just need a day out in disguise, call to register at the Heritage Museum for our Spooktaskiwin: Haunted Heritage on Oct. 31.

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, October 21, 2020

Butter making has always been connected to farms. In pioneer days, large quantities of butter had to be made each week, and the chore was tedious. When butter production exceeded family needs, the surplus was exchanged at the local store for goods. Most dash churns holds 10-15 gallons of cream. The tradition wide bottom made for greater stability. Churns are made of wood, crockery, glass, or coppered tin and are powered by hand or foot. After separating the cream from fresh cow’s milk, the cream is poured into the clean churn. The dasher is worked up and down and rotated at the same time. From this action, the cream swells, floating curds form and then gather into a mass: butter. After churning, the buttermilk is poured off, and the butter is “washed” in a wooden bowl until water runs clear. Salt and colouring are added, and the butter is worked with and wooden paddle until smooth. Butter is put into a one-pound mould and pressed out with the handle. The butter is wrapped in parchment paper and kept cold until needed next.

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, October 14, 2020

From fluff to a muff, we’ve got a ‘woolly’ big collection when it comes to textile devices.

This Aero Wool Winder, dated to the 1950s, was made in Redditch, England where it then travelled to Alder Flats to be used on a local farm.The primary function of this tool, which first needs to be assembled before application, is to coil or wrap yarn into a skein, hank or ball. The ‘modernized’ version of this equipment started appearing in late 1700s, however this process of looping spun threads dates over 2,000 years. One popular design of the wool winder is made of wood or ivory, shaped like an umbrella, and creates loops with a circumference of around 72 inches. It turns about 40 times to create a hank, also known as a bundle in the 1800s. The operator makes a little knot or twist in the yarn to bind the section. This is repeated seven times, until the desired skein of yarn containing approximately 560 yards is complete.

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The origin of the children’s nursery rhyme, “Pop Goes the Weasel”, is theoretically inspired from the popping sound of the yarn winder’s weasel. According to the rhyme’s story, the spinner aspect on the yarn winder tool was called the weasel. The monkey referred to the metal pins on the wooden gear. As described in the story, the monkey chases around the wheel until the required amount of revolutions occurred, only for it to disappear under the wood. When it finally releases, it makes a popping noise to the surprise of the children who watched.

If you would like to add some of your own POP to your wardrobe, sign up for our knitting workshops starting next week at the Heritage Museum.

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, October 7, 2020

This parlor organ was just donated by Randy Rawson, who related to one of the first pioneers William Wigg. William Wigg moved from Norfolk, England, to Illinois in the United States around 1860. His desire to see the northwest country brought him to the Wetaskiwin District, and he homesteaded in the neighbourhood of Lewisville in 1880, spending the rest of his life there. Wigg is known far and wide as the pioneer breeder of the Improved Bacon Type of Berkshires. He is a firm believer in the great possibilities of alfalfa in this country, as he has successfully grown this hay for several years, both by inoculating and without. The Wigg family was one of the first settlers to take wheat to Edmonton to be ground to flour. This trip took four or five days. There was a halfway house between Wetaskiwin and Leduc, where they could get food and lodging for themselves and the tired horses. In the Lewisville Pioneers has more history on the Wigg family on page 45, as well, there is a picture of William Wigg and the organ that was donated on page 46.

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 30, 2020

Keeping with the theme of the Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Society’s 30 anniversary, the museum houses various Japanese related artifacts that help tell the story behind the twinning of the two cities.

One such item is this Meito China hand painted teapot owned originally by Mrs. Emma Asp. Made in Japan, the teapot with the Imari style of blue and white porcelain was intended for decorative purposes in which the design was introduced by the Koreans. Termed as ‘Way of Tea’, Japanese tea ceremonies are strict and ritualistic under the classical arts of refinement. The three common types of ceremonies, the informal ’chakai’, the formal ‘chaji’, and the less popular ‘senchado’, all vary in complexity. Typically powdered green tea called matcha is used, but in ‘senchado’ protocol requires leaf tea to replace the powdered consistencies.

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Origins of tea preparation in Japan reach back to the 9th century CE Buddhist monks. Under feudal rule, warriors perceived tea as a marker of status and held tasting contests to determine quality and type.  Principles like harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility were considered the order of these gatherings in Sen no Rikyu’s book ‘Southern Record’ from the 1500s. It was his knowledge that founded the three main schools of tea preparation: Urasenke, Omotesenke, and Mushakojisenke Schools.

Visit the Museum to view more Japanese cultural heritage in our temporary exhibit, “Ashoro: Our Sister City.”

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 24, 2020

Alberta first became twinned with the Hokkaido prefecture in 1980. In July of 1986, the first adult delegation from Ashoro arrived in Alberta, and they were soon directed to the city of Wetaskiwin for a visit. After the initial tour and visit, the Ashoro Town Council and Wetaskiwin City Council agreed to continue the exchanges and have further talks of twinning the two communities. The official twinning ceremony and signing of the Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Affiliation Agreement was held on September 15, 1990. The agreement was signed by Wetaskiwin’s Mayor Dorothy French and Ashoro’s Mayor Akio Tomita at Parkdale Park. Since the twinning, there have been many exchanges between the two municipalities. In 1992, the inclusion of students in the exchanges provided the youth of Wetaskiwin and Ashoro to learn and experience the diverse culture of each respective nation. As well in 1992, the Coordinator of International Relations (CIR) position was created. This position provided the opportunity for a local of Wetaskiwin to teach English to children in Ashoro. Wetaskiwin has also dedicated the park where the friendship agreement was signed as The Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Park in 1999, emphasizing the importance and impact the relationship has had on our community. In honour of our twin city Ashoro, the Wetaskiwin Ashoro Friendship Society will be celebrating the 30^th Anniversary of Twinning our two communities, which will take place at Ashoro Park Saturday, Sept. 19 at 2 p.m. The museum has put together an exhibit on our main floor gallery space to honour the relationship by using treasures collected while members of this community experienced Japanese culture.

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, Septemer 16, 2020

With school back in session and the world continuing to spin wildly on its axis, we thought an atlas globe was a befitting Heritage Moment.

Named after the Titan who was forced to carry the heavens and the earth, the Atlas is considered one of the oldest known scientific instruments.

They were first used as navigational tools for nautical travelers reading celestial coordinates at sea, instead of the terrestrial models that came much later. The Ancient Greeks understood the round shadow of the horizon meant that the earth was a sphere. Furthermore, Ptolemy, by the 2^nd Century AD had applied the scientific method of longitude and latitude for fixing a specific position on the globe. Around the same time, Crates of Malus, created the first known globe that was designed as a revolving sphere.

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All this knowledge was overshadowed by the Dark Ages in the 4^th Century AD when society believed the world to be a flat disc, until Copernicus and Galileo presented their theories despite the threat of torture from the inquisition.

In the Germanic Museum in Nuremberg there resides the oldest known western terrestrial globe, which was made by Martin Behaim in 1492 that revealed a land gap on the earth’s surface. That gap would eventually be filled with the discovery of North America and Amerigo Vespucci’s realization that the blank portion was the Americas. Map and globe maker tradesman, Martin Waldseemueller, added the new continent to his globes in 1507. Those that owned globes like these were considered upper-class at this time including emperors, bishops, lords, or well-established merchants

It wasn’t until the 18^th and 19^thcentury that the pocket globe, like this 1940s globe pencil sharpener, was toted by the common man next to his fashionable pocket watch.

Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 10, 2020

Unlocking the secrets behind history and protecting the collection is part of museum work. With the second break-in within a month at the Heritage Museum, we were inspired to write about locks. Mechanical locks made their debut in North Africa with the Egyptians and in the Middle East with the Babylonians around 1000 BC. The oldest known lock was discovered near Nineveh, Iraq in the ruins of Khorsabad dated to approximately 4000 years old. Many locks were made of wood, but the Egyptians introduced brass for the pin tumbler styles which remained the basic design until the middle ages. Some cultures fashionably wore their keys on their rings and necklaces to demonstrate that their wealth and status was worth protecting. English craftsmen take credit for the skeleton key and lock pick design that consisted of a keyhole, cylinder at the far end, and concentric plates or wards that would block the key from rotating unless key pattern matched the wards. Royally speaking, there is ceremony to locking up treasures and palaces in Britain. Every evening at 9:52, the Tower of London holds the ‘Ceremony of Keys’ where the guards utter words of the Tudors and escort the keys back to the Queen’s residence. In another ritualistic manner, the famous illusionist Harry Houdini was a locksmith in his early years and ‘picked’ up a few tricks as an escape artist bound in handcuffs and chains for many of his acts. There are many padlocks and keys hidden beneath the dirt on century farm properties in the Wetaskiwin area that have been unearthed and donated with an unknown story attached. Let’s hope that our own museum attracts fewer local ‘Houdini’s’ and unfortunate lock stories!

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Originally published in the Wetaskiwin Times, September 3, 2020